Online Resources for Teaching and Learning Chinese
Get clear on some perplexing Chinese grammars, gain insight into unique features of Chinese language, understand the best way of learning Chinese, and more.
We hope some of the ideas presented here may bring out a change in how Chinese is learned and taught.
Clear up Some Confusing Grammar Points

二 (èr) and 两 (liǎng)
There are two ways to say “two” in Chinese. Learn when to use which one.

的 (de) - a structural particle in Chinese
When learning Chinese, it is important to understand the function of 的 (de).

了 (le) does not indicate past tense
了 (le) does not indicates past tense. It’s about change.

The often overlooked Chinese character - 就 (jiù)
Understand the origin of the character 就 (jiù) and how it is used in different contexts.

一点儿 (yī diǎnr) and 有一点儿 (yǒu yī diǎnr)
一点儿 (yī diǎnr) can be used in many places. 有一点儿 (yǒu yī diǎnr) is a degree indicator.

The mistranslated Chinese character - 很 (hěn)
Mistranslating 很 (hěn) into “very” is only because sometimes that’s the best we can do.

12 common errors of Chinese
Explaining twelve common errors English speaking students often make when they speak Chinese.
Articles by April for In-Depth Teaching & Learning
- All
- Children vs Adults
- China Tour
- Chinese Characters
- Chinese Culture
- Chinese Dialects
- Chinese Grammar
- Chinese Vocabulary
- Confucianism
- Hong Kong
- I Ching
- Jobs
- Laozi
- Learning APPs
- Learning Materials
- Learning Mindset
- Listening & Speaking
- Mencius
- Pinyin
- Pronunciation
- Radicals
- Reading Chinese
- Self-Study Chinese
- Sunzi
- Teaching Chinese
- Test Preparation
- Tones
- Translation
- Writing Chinese

Why Sunzi’s Five Constants Predicted America’s Quagmire in Iran
In an era of instant commentary and social media noise, Sunzi’s ancient wisdom remains one of the clearest filters for truth.

Sunzi’s Warning on Protracted War: Why America’s Campaign in Iran Is a Strategic Disaster
No matter how powerful a state may be, a long war without decisive victory invites decline.

True Security Comes from Readiness: Sunzi’s Lesson from the US-Iran Conflict
In both nations and individual lives, genuine security is earned through foresight and disciplined effort.

Seven things you must know when learning Chinese in Hong Kong
Cantonese or Mandarin? Traditional Chinese or simplified Chinese? Get your answers here.

Reading Chinese, where to start?
There are excellent choices for students to begin reading Chinese. Children’s books may not be the best option.

Does “shi li” mean “strength” in Chinese?
When twenty Chinese words share the same pinyin, we’ll have a maddening vocabulary list.

Beginner’s Guide to Six Common Chinese Fonts
Start learning Chinese characters? Recognise some common Chinese fonts too!

Five ways to improve your Chinese pronunciation
Five effective ways to improve Chinese pronunciation. Some will improve your pronunciation without you knowing it.

Cantonese and Mandarin: the similarities and differences
Cantonese has some unique characteristics which are different from Mandarin. But they also have a lot in common.

The many dialects of Chinese
There are so many dialects in China, and Mandarin is one of the many dialect groups of Chinese.

The most important factor in the success of learning Chinese
It is a cliche to say being persistent is the secret of learning Chinese. But it is the secret.

Beijinghua is not Putonghua
Beijinghua is not Putonghua. I felt so and linguists said so. That’s what makes learning Putonghua interesting.

The simplification process of traditional Chinese characters
Learn about the principles that were applied to traditional Chinese characters to simplify them.

The pros and cons of learning Mandarin in Hong Kong
There are disadvantages of learning Mandarin in Hong Kong, but the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.

How to substitute for a learning tour to China
Instead of spending thousands of dollars, a virtual learning tour to China is cheap, and provides many benefits for students to learn Chinese.

Mandarin learning anxieties
Learning Mandarin can lead to anxieties. Overcoming these anxieties requires understanding them first.

Top ten ways students can make a Chinese teacher mad
Cultural differences and different upbringing environments lead to tensions in classrooms. Here are some turn around strategies for teachers.

Why learn Mandarin?
Ten arguments for learning Mandarin are analysed and find out which one can drive students to the ultimate success.

Give me a word, any word
There are many ways for a foreign word to enter the Chinese language. Some of them are simply brilliant!

Can you judge a book by its cover?
Dragons are magnificent, but students don’t talk to them. Let’s think again what make great covers for Chinese language textbooks.

Strokes, components and radicals of Chinese characters
Strokes, components and radicals are all building units of Chinese characters, and each of them functions differently.

Train for exceptional Mandarin listening ability - higher level students
Many resources are there for listening training. Understand them better and use them well.

Controlled exercises - How lower level students develop listening ability
This article offers actionable advice for non-Chinese students’ to train their ears.

Chinese radicals - a fact sheet
Chinese radicals are interesting, versatile and flexible, and absolutely refuse all rules of thumb.

A comprehensive guide for choosing the right level of IB Chinese (Diploma Program)
Understand what IBDP Chinese curriculum requires and tests, and get help with choosing the appropriate level of IB Chinese to study.

7 things you should know about the new HSK test
A new version of HSK is in place. Find out what the new requirements are, and our take on it.

The gulf between pinyin and Mandarin Chinese pronunciation
Although pinyin is useful to learn Mandarin, it also has some inherent problems, which Chinese language learners must be aware of.

Pictures and Chinese characters
Chinese characters are visual, like paintings. But using pictures to teach Chinese characters has its limitations.

How to memorise Chinese characters?
For people who start learning Chinese late in their teens or adulthood, the difficulty of memorising Chinese characters is real.
Why learning Mandarin using (only) Pinyin will create more hurdles
For a meaningful grasp of Mandarin, students must look beyond pinyin. It is not a long term solution.

What? Stroke-order does not matter (that much anyway)?
Stroke order is not the most important thing in learning Chinese reading and writing. Find out what really is.

Understand learning (Chinese) input and output
The process of learning Chinese is also an internalisation process. And learning how learning Chinese takes place helps learning.

Different ways of learning Chinese characters
Pictures, stories or radicals, there are a few ways to learn Chinese characters. Learn which one is the best.

A beginner’s guide to pinyin pronunciations
This beginner’s guide to pinyin helps students pronounce and understand pinyin in the right way.

How helpful are bilingual books for students to learn Chinese?
English-Chinese bilingual books are good for children, but offer limited benefits for adult Chinese language learners.

How to say father and mother in Chinese
There are different ways to address father and mother in Chinese. And different names carry different connotations in Chinese culture.

Can reading books written in both Chinese characters and pinyin help students develop Chinese reading skills?
Books printed in both Chinese characters and pinyin have little to offer in terms of developing Chinese reading skills.

The connections between radicals, pronunciations and meanings
There is a connection, but a weak one, between radicals, pronunciations and meanings of picto-phonetic characters.

The problems of using flash cards to learn Chinese
Beautifully designed flash cards are promoted to students who are learning Chinese. Let’s take a look at their problems.

Give yourself a good Chinese name!
Chinese characters, the sounds and the tones all can make a Chinese name beautiful, meaningful, and unique.

How much Chinese is enough for beginner students to have a good trip to China?
One does not need to be fluent in Chinese to enjoy a trip in China. A bit knowledge goes a long way.

Trying to improve your Chinese reading skills? Focus on words and structures
A few things students can do to improve their Chinese reading skills. Learning more Chinese characters is the last of them.

Overwhelmed by Chinese vocabulary
Tons of new words in each lesson are difficult for both students and teachers. Here are some suggestions on how to deal with them.

Speaking Chinese is the best way to grow your vocabulary
Memorising tons of new words won’t help you speak fluent Chinese. But speaking Chinese helps grow your vocabulary.

Are you speaking Englinese? When Chinese language is influenced by English language
When speaking Chinese as if speaking English, Englinese happens. Take a look at some common errors.

Learning Chinese? Four signs for you to avoid bad experience
Bland, boring and uninspiring Chinese classes lead to bad learning experience. Know how to recognise them.

How to use movies to learn Chinese
Movies are lots of fun and are great resources for students to learn Chinese. Here are some ways to use them in a class.

Learning 2000 Chinese characters is not enough for reading newspapers, and the number of characters is not the problem
If you have learned 2000 frequently used Chinese characters, you probably still can not read Chinese newspapers. Let’s find out why.

It is a mistake to learn Chinese using English grammatical concepts
The best way to learn Chinese grammar is to ignore it. Understand the origin of modern Chinese grammar and why it’s so confusing.

Is learning pinyin learning Chinese?
Pinyin itself is not Chinese. Learning pinyin is learning tool that helps students learn how to speak Chinese.

Why English translations should not be included in Chinese textbooks
English appearing in Chinese textbooks is inevitable. But putting English translations next to the Chinese texts is not a good idea.

Write good Chinese
When written well, Chinese characters became art, and poems pushed up the price of paper. Learn how to write good Chinese.

It is not necessary to spend too much time studying radicals
Radicals used to be very important in learning Chinese. Today it’s better to think studying them as a hobby.

Deconstructing Chinese texts is the key to learn how to read Chinese
Reading Chinese requires a skill of deconstructing Chinese texts into words. Different word boundaries create different meanings.

Your first step of writing good Chinese is to copy good writings of Chinese
Copying texts is a fundamental writing practice of learning Chinese. Copying the best makes us better.

Take tests, but not study for them
Get high marks in HSK is nice. But learning Chinese should be more than passing a test.

Cantonese and Mandarin in Hong Kong
In Hong Kong, Cantonese and Mandarin are political issues and occupy different places in the society.

When learning Chinese Grammar, less can be more
Many Chinese textbooks require students to study hundreds of grammar points. Try to ignore them.

Differences between spoken Chinese and written Chinese
Understand the difference between spoken Chinese and written Chinese, and improve Chinese reading skills.

When radicals do and do not give clues to meanings of Chinese characters
Sometimes, only sometimes, we can use radicals to explain some Chinese characters. Know where the boundaries are.

How do Chinese people learn to write Chinese without pinyin, and why non-Chinese speaking students should not try it?
There are two advantages that a Chinese kid has but a non-Chinese speaking student doesn’t have.

Chinese grammar books, come with amnesia?
Have you ever worked through a grammar book and only to realise that you’ve forgot everything? It’s not your fault.

Chinese Learning for Kids
Children learn differently from adults. However, there are many children’s Chinese programs that look like adults’.

In which ways Chinese learning APPs are replacing teachers
Chinese learning APPs have been developed rapidly and nicely. Some cool features can definitely replace teachers.

How do students learn Chinese from A.I.?
Artificial Intelligence is such a hot technology that it is no surprise that it is used for learning Chinese.

The oldest Chinese dialect, Hokkien
Hokkien is the oldest Chinese language. It has been spread far and wide, and branched into many different varieties.

How many Chinese characters do you need to learn?
For beginner students, we set that number at 320 Chinese characters.

The Many Chinese language learning books
There are many different kinds of books for people to learn Chinese. Some useful, some not.

Learning Chinese characters: etymology vs usage
It's nice to know about etymology, but the focus should be on good reading and writing skills first.

Tones, a fluid and dynamic concept
There are no “correct tones” in an absolute sense, because tones are a fluid and a dynamic concept. Learn what it means for teaching and learning Chinese.

Self-study Chinese, and study it well!
Self-study is a good way to learn Chinese. Understand some problems that hinder you from making progress.

How to make the most of Chinese audio lessons
“Repeat” and “talk back” are great when listening to audio lessons. But there are more to be considered.

Chinese names in space
Learn about those fantastic Chinese names in outer space, their origins and folklores.

Famous stories about tea in China
Tea is a wonderful drink enjoyed by Chinese people. Read some wonderful stories about tea in China, starting with its origin.

The mythical creators of Chinese civilisations
Read a few wonderful stories starting from the beginning of the universe to the beginning of Chinese as an ethnic group.

What if the investment made into Chinese classes does not pay off?
If learning Chinese is considered as an investment for high returns, the risk of losing is high.

From Yan Fu to translations of Chinese language textbooks
There are good translations and there are bad ones. For Chinese language textbooks, it seems that both will do a disservice.

Famous castrated males in China
Not all castrated males ended up as eunuchs. Read three highly respected, admired, and also castrated males in China.

Students’ needs and the vertical depth of learning Chinese
Learning Chinese at different levels is, in its essence, to learn the Chinese language with different textures.

How teachers manage themselves in Chinese classes
Chinese teachers have more jobs to do than teaching. They are also information controllers, time keepers and more.

How students get the most out of their Chinese class time
Students are not passive in Chinese classes. They own their success.

MSL Master’s approach to Chinese courses
Teaching Chinese is a serious job. The right approach matters and it is best defined by the final outcomes.

How adult students achieve great learning results
Adult students have their strengths and that’s why they’ll succeed in learning Chinese.

Learning Chinese is also to learn how to deal with mistakes
Mistakes are bound to happen. The trick is to know the best way to address these mistakes.

Pinyin, tones and intonations of Chinese
Instead of analysing the rules of pinyin or tones, there is a better way to sound native-like when speaking Chinese.

Chinese characters made up with the same components
A small number of Chinese characters are made up with the same components twice, three times, or even four times. It’s fun to take a look at them from different angles.

Learn new Chinese words vs enjoy reading Chinese materials
Have a pleasant reading time is essential. The key is to find good Chinese reading materials, or, to write some.

Why Chinese books using simple Chinese words are hard to find
Using Green Eggs and Ham, let’s take a look at how a simple English book turned into something not so simple in Chinese.

What if Shakespeare could write in Chinese?
Shakespeare was a grand master of English language for two reasons. Could he achieve the same stellar result if he could write in Chinese?

Chinese characters that look like a sandwich
Some Chinese characters look like a sandwich, but none of them really mean “sandwich”. These characters have two identical sides enclosing a middle part.

When learning Chinese, it’s better to set soft goals
There are “hard goals” and “soft goals” for learning Chinese. Hard goals bring nothing when achieve them, while soft goals create rich inner wealth.

Four Islands of Conclusions in learning Chinese
Master says, “Don’t jump to conclusions”. However, when learning Chinese, there are a few conclusions that many are likely to jump to.

Do you need to use your hand to write Chinese characters?
Using pinyin to input Chinese characters is prevalent among students. Let’s encourage them to write Chinese by hand as often as they can.

Jobs that benefit from learning Chinese
Some jobs require candidates to study Chinese, while other jobs benefit from candidates who have studied Chinese.

The order of things in Chinese
Human beings have always been searching for orders and trying to identify patterns. Chinese have definitely found some of their own.

The necessary Chinese teacher’s skill set
Eleven teaching skills that are essential for current and soon-to-be Chinese teachers, including non-native Chinese speaking teachers.

Mark Allen, 6x Ironman World Champion, and learning Chinese
6x Ironman World Champion Mark Allen can teach us a lot about learning Chinese. Let’s heed his advice.

Speak fluent Chinese, topic by topic
If speaking fluent Chinese is your goal, make sure you approach it topic by topic, task by task.

Decipher ancient drawings in Chinese oracle bone inscriptions
Let us try to decipher a couple of ancient drawings and connect them with current Chinese characters. The result is surprising!

Use Chinese Learning Pyramid to make learning more effective
Use this Chinese Learning Pyramid to inform yourself where to spend your time and energy effectively.

Learn to manage your time when teaching yourself Chinese
Time is the currency. When self-study Chinese, it is important to manage your time the right way.

Teaching yourself Chinese? Take the right approach
When setting up a plan for self-study Chinese, many students neglect three important factors.

The ancient carved wood block printing in China
For nearly 1500 years, Chinese people used carved wood block printing to produce books.

The hidden (and disappearing) food gems in Hong Kong
Get to know some traditional food gems that you can’t find anywhere else but Hong Kong.

Top 7 mindsets of successful Chinese language learners
There are certain mindsets that get Chinese language learners further and faster.

A few extra things to know when reading the Three-Body Problem
There are some small details that, if you get them, you’ll appreciate the novel a little bit more.

Why people fail in their attempts to learn Chinese?
Why people fail in their attempts to do more exercises, eat healthier, or learn Chinese? Because we’re scared.

Interested in learning Chinese culture? Take a stroll in the park in China!
A troll in the park offers a magnificent first-hand experience of Chinese culture.

How Confucius’s opening words decode our struggles with social media, loneliness and the hunger for validation
Using the opening lines of The Analects of Confucius to antidote some of the ills that have traps us in this tech-powered world.

Why “clever words and pleasing appearances” are the enemies of trust, authenticity, and your own peace of mind
One line from The Analects of Confucius helps us understand why there is a lack of trust in society and what we should do.

Are you a tool? How an ancient Chinese idea antidotes the age of hyper-specialisation
At a time when the future becomes unpredictable and jobs become obsolete, we need to read Confucius to be better prepared.

The ancient Chinese warning against culture wars
We are naturally different. That is not the problem. The problem comes when we begin to attack those who are different from us.

The highest form of intelligence in a 2500-year old Chinese maxim
Confucius taught us that true wisdom comes from knowing the boundary between what we know and what we don’t know.

The Confucian social contract: From prosperity to education and culture
Confucius taught us that economic foundation has a decisive role in shaping a society, and a prosperous society is the foundation for further development.

The two paths to prosperity: Confucius on practical work and passionate pursuit
Confucius teaches us that both pragmatic excellence and heartfelt pursuit lead to prosperity. And the deeper gift is ourselves.

The art of living: How Confucius’s higher standard for rich and poor offers opportunities for everyone to pursue excellence with dignity
Confucius taught us that excellence is a relative term. Both the poor and the rich can pursue it, with one happily and the other graciously.

Yin and yang: The nature of change
At this era of unprecedented transformation, I Ching offers a different lens to understand change and how to apply to our own situation.

The eight trigrams of I Ching: Life’s prisms for action
Use I Ching’s eight trigrams to understand your current position and grasp what is your strength and how to avoid pitfalls.

The hexagram of modesty: Your anchor in turbulent times
From rookie to reformer, learning about the hexagram of modesty allows you to gain a stealthy tool to stay steady amid chaos.

The hexagram of waiting: Strategic move in crises
I Ching teaches us that true waiting is never passive. High-quality waiting is active, disciplined, and extraordinarily difficult.

The hexagram of fellowship: Step out of inner circles
Classmates make a beautiful starting point. Family feels safe. But I Ching teaches us to seek partners in the wilderness.

The hexagram of stripping: Understanding systematic collapse
I Ching teaches us to stay sensitive to small wrongs and what it takes to avert the final systemic collapse.

Understand the true strength in the hexagram of great power
In contrast to today’s obsession with quick profits and fame, the true great power begins with patience.

Mencius’s four hearts: Reading the Manginoe’s case beyond the law
Let’s walk through Mangione’s case using Mencius’s principle of four hearts, a clearer explanation than legal framework.

Mencius’s four word traps: Navigating today’s battlefield of words
Mencius taught us how to spot and disarm four word traps that are meant to deceive, to incite, to corrupt, and to fool people.

AI as mirror, not competitor: Mencius’s timeless path to irreplaceability
Returning to our hearts — knowing our gifts, limits, and benevolent nature — is the most forward-looking strategy in the age of AI.

Laozi’s Eternal Cycles as the Antidote to Modern Anxiety
Understanding the constant is not passive fatalism. It is the first step to align with the Dao.

Adding Knowledge, Subtracting Dust: Laozi’s Path to Wu Wei in a Noisy World
Laozi teaches us: Add knowledge and tools to expand understanding. Subtract mental dust to restore clarity.

Laozi’s Warning on Excessive Attachment and Its Inevitable Cost
Laozi urges us to examine our priorities and behaviour, warning that extreme brings great cost and heavy ruin.

The Wisdom to Finish: Laozi on How to Complete What We Start
Laozi teaches us: beginnings are exciting, but endings define the legacy. This continues to be relevant to us today.
Great Resources to Broaden Minds

Books about China
The easiest way to gain understanding of China is to read about China. When reading Chinese is difficult, students can read books written in English.

Books about famous Chinese people
Read about well known Chinese people who have left permanent marks in Chinese history. These books, written in English, are must reads.

Books about famous foreigners in China
Read about famous foreigners in China, who have had a huge influence on the course of Chinese development in various areas.

Great classic Chinese movies
We all enjoy a good movie. Try these classic Chinese movies and also learn some Chinese while you are watching.
Class Activities to Expand Teaching Toolkit
Engage students' attention, give them opportunities to move around, and get some competitive spirit going on! Use these activities to bring your Chinese classes to life. And there are more practical and handy activities available in Teacher's Manuals.
Reading a long Chinese article
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Read and comprehend long articles in Chinese
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Practice delivering presentations in Chinese
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Discuss about complex issues in Chinese
Topic Card - What is it in your mind?
- Encourage authentic communications between students
- Build mutual understanding among students
- Gauge progress and discover areas for improvement
Find someone who ...
- Encourage the whole class to stay active
- Encourage communication and information sharing
- Build trust and understanding among students and teachers
Listening contest
- Increase students' awareness on pronunciation
- Encourage students to speak and increase their confidence
- Build class rapport among students



